Understanding the key concepts and instruments of land use planning!
Rudolphe ABEN
Land use planning plays a crucial role in the planning and harmonious development of regions. This article provides you with a comprehensive guide to land use planning, focusing on its objectives, tools and key concepts. Whether you are a planning student, a planning professional or simply interested in the subject, this guide will provide you with in-depth knowledge to understand and appreciate the importance of land use planning.
I. Aims of land use planning:
The purpose of land use planning is to ensure that the public interest is met by providing optimal living conditions for the entire population. It aims to promote the sustainable development of all parts of the national territory, guiding and concentrating territorial development in the most appropriate places. It also seeks to coordinate sectoral policies and ensure rational land use, while protecting the environment and natural resources.
II. Spatial planning instruments:
Spatial planning uses a variety of instruments to achieve its objectives. Two main categories of tools are used:
Strategic instruments:
- Master Plan for Spatial Planning (PDAT): This programme establishes an integrated strategy for sectoral programmes that have an impact on territorial development. It defines the general orientations and policy objectives to be taken into account.
- Integrated transport and spatial development concept (IVL): This non-binding concept makes it possible to choose between different development scenarios and serves as a framework for coordinating sectoral plans and local planning.
Regulatory instruments:
- Sectoral Development Plans (SDPs): These plans have a direct impact on territorial organization and land use at the national level. They regulate specific areas such as transport, housing, landscapes and economic activity zones.
- Land Use Plans (LUPs): These plans specify the requirements for development, planning or service options for one or more cadastral areas. They determine the precise and detailed use of the land.
III. Key concepts in land use planning:
Zones in the General Development Plan (PAG):
The PAG divides the municipal territory into zones, which include urbanized areas or areas to be urbanized (buildable area) and areas to be left open (green zone). Each zone defines a land-use pattern that indicates the permitted function of that part of the territory.
Degree of land use:
This parameter quantifies the buildable density of a given area. It is expressed by coefficients such as the housing density, the land use coefficient, the land occupation coefficient and the soil sealing coefficient. These coefficients determine the quantity and density of authorized constructions.
Deferred development zones:
These zones allow a temporary ban on construction and development, and serve as land reserves. They can accommodate public and collective facilities related to telecommunications, drinking water supply, energy and sewage and storm water drainage.
Moratorium:
A moratorium is a temporary measure imposed during the development or amendment of a GAP. It prohibits changes to the condition of buildings affected by the plan, except for maintenance and repairs.
Spatial planning is essential to ensure the harmonious, sustainable and balanced development of regions. By understanding the objectives, tools and key concepts of land use planning, we can shape our environment to meet the needs of the population while preserving the environment.
Whether through master plans, deferred development areas or moratoria, each tool plays an essential role in planning and regulating land development. Land use planning is an ongoing process that requires close collaboration between government, planning professionals and citizens to create sustainable and fulfilling communities.