Buying Real Estate Off-Plan (VEFA): Key Steps and Practical Advice
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Rudolphe ABEN
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Purchasing a property under buying off-plan, is an excellent solution to own a modern home tailored to your needs. This process, well-regulated under Luxembourg law, offers many advantages but also requires careful attention. Here’s a complete guide to assist you in this journey.
1. Understanding the VEFA Concept
In a VEFA transaction, you purchase a property that is not yet built or is still under construction. You sign a contract with a real estate developer, who commits to completing the project according to detailed plans and within a specified timeframe. Payments are made in installments as the construction progresses.
2. Steps to Buy a Property Off-Plan
📅 Define Your Needs and Budget
Identify the type of property you want: apartment, house, size, location, etc.
Calculate your budget, factoring in the purchase price, additional costs (notary, loan), and potential fiscal benefits available in Luxembourg (such as the reduced VAT rate of 3%).
🏢 Find the Right Project
Browse listings and new projects offered by reputable developers.
Research the developer’s track record: adherence to deadlines, quality of completed projects, and customer reviews.
🔒 Sign a Reservation Agreement
This document formalizes your interest in the property. It includes:
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A detailed description of the property (plans, materials, finishes).
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The price and payment schedule.
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The expected delivery date.
A deposit (usually 5%) is paid into a secure notary account.
🌎 Secure Financing
Contact your bank to arrange a mortgage. Provide the reservation agreement to finalize the loan application.
Consider taking out borrower’s insurance.
📝 Sign the Sales Contract with a Notary
Once financing is approved, the authentic deed is signed before a notary. This document transfers ownership to the buyer upon completion of construction.
🔧 Monitor Construction Progress and Make Payments
Payments are made in stages according to the construction milestones (foundations, structural work, finishing, etc.). Each stage must be validated before making the payment.
🏠 Inspect and Receive the Property
A handover inspection is organized with the developer to check the property’s compliance with the contract.
Any defects or issues must be documented in a handover report.
3. Key Points to Watch For
⚠️ Choose a Reliable Developer
Prioritize developers with a solid reputation and proven track record.
Ask for references or visit their completed projects.
⚠️ Review the Provided Guarantees
Completion Guarantee: Ensures that the property will be delivered even in case of the developer’s bankruptcy.
Perfect Completion Guarantee: Covers defects noted within one year of delivery.
Decennial Warranty: Covers major structural defects for 10 years.
⚠️ Scrutinize Contract Clauses
Read the reservation agreement and sales contract carefully. Ensure that all property details and penalties for delays are clearly outlined.
⚠️ Verify Finishes and Materials
Check that the materials used match those specified in the contract. Request a detailed description.
⚠️ Manage Customizations
If you want modifications or upgrades, budget for additional costs and ensure these changes are included in the contract.
Buying off-plan in Luxembourg is an excellent opportunity to own a modern, personalized property. However, thorough preparation and attention to detail are crucial to ensure a smooth experience. By following these steps and keeping these tips in mind, you can successfully complete your real estate project with confidence.